This opinion piece was submitted to the Star News, a newspaper of McCall, Idaho, and mountain communities of West Central Idaho. It was written by Debra K. Ellers, Western Idaho Director of Western Watersheds Project :
The Star News article on August 23, 2007 “When they ‘cry wolf’ it is for real” glossed over the real problem: private interests grazing domestic sheep on public lands.
A few points about sheep on our local public lands:
- The Payette National Forest has about 12,000 domestic sheep permitted to graze on our public lands within a 50 mile radius of McCall. Grazing is allowed near popular recreation areas such as HazardLakes, Grassy Mountain Lakes, Loon Lake and Twenty Mile Creek. Folks out in these places to experience tranquility and fresh air may instead find barnyard noise, sheep manure and aggressive guard dogs.
- A band of sheep in one location often numbers over 1,000 head. The trailing and bedding of hundreds or thousands of sheep in one place can have substantial effects. For example, with the steep slopes and granite soils found in many places on the Payette, trampling from sheep can add excess sedimentation to salmon and bull trout spawning streams. Native grasses and wildflowers lose their vigor after being consumed year after year, and gradually diminish.
- A sheep operation pays only 27 cents per sheep per month to graze on federal lands. The Forest Service expends considerable resources in administering the grazing program, including staff salary and benefits, vehicles and office overhead, which grazing fees don’t come close to covering.
- It’s no secret that the Forest Service is strapped for funding. Money that funds grazing administration means less dollars for public uses, such as recreation, wildlife or fire safety. How many times have you tried to hike or ride down a trail in the Payette, only to find it impassable from deadfall, or even impossible to find? Recreation often gets short shrift compared to grazing funding.
- Domestic sheep cause big problems for native wildlife, such as bighorn sheep and wolves. Domestic sheep can give pasteurella, a pneumonia-like disease, to wild bighorn sheep. This disease has devastating impacts on bighorns. Bighorn sheep die or become weakened from this disease, and carry it back to other bighorns, who in turn become infected. The Payette National Forest is currently being sued for its failure to manage, in accordance with the best available science, the separation of domestic sheep from bighorn sheep in the Hells Canyon and Salmon River areas.
- Domestic sheep have been responsible for elimination of wolves and other native predators. Wolves lived for thousands of years in our forests in balance with their prey. However, livestock operators or government agents trapped or killed millions of wolves in the late 1800’s and early 1900’s, often through cruel methods such as strychnine poisoning or heavy leghold traps. After the reintroduction of wolves in the 1990’s, wolves once again were killed at the behest of livestock operators. For instance, federal agents killed several packs of wolves on public land in the Payette National Forest in 2004 and 2005, using taxpayer dollars, after the wolves targeted domestic sheep for easy prey.
None of my comments is meant to disparage livestock producers. Those operators still grazing on public lands are simply taking advantage of an anachronistic system which stems from frontier days, when few people lived in the West, and resources seemed unlimited.
Now, with booming human populations nearby, diminishing wildlife, and global warming, change is coming to our public lands. Voluntary buy-out programs or other transitional mechanisms should be made available to the few livestock operators still grazing on public lands, to help them find alternatives for their businesses on private lands. Public lands should be administered truly in the public interest, not for private profit.